What is a rampart?

A rampart is a defensive wall or earthen embankment that surrounds a castle, fortification, or settlement, designed to provide protection against attacks. It is usually made of earth or stone and can vary in size and shape depending on the location and purpose.

Ramparts were common in medieval and ancient times and were an essential part of fortifications. They were often built with a wide base and tapered towards the top, making it difficult for attackers to climb up.

Ramparts usually have a walkway or platform on top for soldiers to patrol and keep a lookout. They may also have battlements, crenels, and machicolations where soldiers can shoot arrows or pour boiling water and other harmful substances on attackers.

Some famous ramparts include the walls of the ancient city of Jericho, the Great Wall of China, the walls of Constantinople, and the medieval walls of Carcassonne in France. Today, many ramparts have been preserved as historical landmarks and tourist attractions.